The Chinese language, with its tonal nuances and complex script, can be daunting for newcomers. Even seasoned learners can occasionally slip up. Highlighting the typical mistakes can provide valuable learning checkpoints for students at all levels. Here's a roundup of some of the most common errors and how to navigate them:

1. Mispronouncing Tones
   Chinese is a tonal language, where changing a word's tone can change its meaning. For instance, the word "mā" (妈) means "mother," while "má" (麻) means "hemp." Mixing up tones can lead to confusing or comical misunderstandings (Duanmu, 2007).
2. Using the Wrong Measure Word
   In Chinese, nouns require measure words when being quantified. Using the general measure word "个" (gè) for everything is a common mistake. However, "本" (běn) should be used for books, and "只" (zhī) for animals, to name a few examples (Wang, W. S-Y., 2018).
3. Over-relying on Pinyin
   Pinyin, the Romanized system for Chinese, is an excellent tool for beginners. However, over-relying on it can hinder your ability to recognize and write Chinese characters.
4. Confusing Similar Characters
   Characters like “未” (wèi) meaning "not yet" and “末” (mò) meaning "end" are visually similar and can be easily confused. It's vital to practice recognizing the slight differences in similar characters.
5. Translating Idioms Literally
   Translating idiomatic phrases word-for-word can result in nonsensical interpretations. For example, "破釜沉舟" (pò fǔ chén zhōu) translates literally to "break the woks and sink the boats" but means "to cut off one's means of retreat."

Conclusion

Chinese, while complex, is immensely rewarding to learn. Recognizing and rectifying these common mistakes can smooth your learning journey, making interactions more authentic and enjoyable.

References
Duanmu, S. (2007). The phonology of standard Chinese. Oxford University Press.
Wang, W. S-Y. (2018). The Chinese language: fact and fantasy. University of Hawaii Press.